Drug interactions Sacubitril/valsartan has multiple drug interactions. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Valsartan is an ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) and usually has a, of a 160 mg tablet taken by mouth twice daily. Medications used to help manage symptoms include diuretics (such as furosemide or torsemide) and digoxin (digitalis). is a first-of-its-kind prescription medication made by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. These two active ingredients work in different ways. Isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (BiDil) is used for the treatment of heart failure as an add-on to standard therapy in self-identified Black patients to improve survival, prolong time to hospitalization for heart failure, and improve patient-reported functional status. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve, others) Medications that treat irregular heart rhythms, such as amiodarone (Pacerone, Nexterone) Common supplements that can interact with warfarin include: Dong quai Garlic Ginkgo biloba Ginseng Green tea St. John's wort Vitamin E In this study, most participants were also taking a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor. American Heart Association (AHA). Entresto can cause injury or death to the unborn baby if you take the medicine during your second or third trimester. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Before switching from Entresto to an alternative, its important that the prescribing doctor has reviewed a medication list including prescription drugs and over-the-counter medications. Store Entresto in the original container at room temperature away from moisture and heat. This is especially important because some natural remedies may interact with prescription heart failure medications or may not be appropriate for certain medical conditions. Entresto is also used to treat heart failure in children who are at least 1 year old. Clinical trials showed patients had decreased systemic vascular resistance, blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and heart size, and increased cardiac output and exercise tolerance. Due to the potential risk of However, alternative medications that have shown improved survival in heart failure include some of the ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine, ivabradine, and SGLT2 inhibitors. sumatriptan) because . If you're drinking excessively or regularly, you are increasing the risk of adverse medication reactions. Due to the nature of the condition, many people with congestive heart failure are, . Jardiance (empagliflozin) is a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor that improves blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. You should not take Entresto within 36 hours before or after you have taken any ACE inhibitor medication. While it typically gets better after stopping taking the medications, there has been concern that alcohol (which is metabolized by the liver) could potentially make liver inflammation worse. RELATED: Whats the best beta blocker for heart failure? When taking ENTRESTO, it is important to follow the treatment plan prescribed by your doctor Sacubitril is a blood pressure medicine. Most types of blood pressure medicines are not affected by grapefruit. In the RALES study focusing on NYHA class III-IV, spironolactone reduced the risk of death by 30% and reduced the risk of hospitalization for cardiac causes by 30% compared to placebo. Spironolactone is used for the treatment of heart failure (NYHA Class III-IV) and reduced ejection fraction to increase survival, manage edema (swelling caused by trapped fluid in tissues), and reduce the need for hospitalization for heart failure. The effects of the mix can be especially seriousif not deadlywhen the cough medicine also contains alcohol. 3. A Patients Guide to Taking Warfarin. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Do not use Entresto if you are pregnant. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. You should not take Entresto within 36 hours before or after you have taken any ACE inhibitor medication. There is evidence that L-carnitine given as a supplement. 2018;71(1):7-13. Do not consume alcohol if you are taking any of these medications to help you sleep: It's important that you don't mix alcohol with any of the following medications. There is 1 alcohol/food interaction with Entresto (sacubitril / valsartan). showed patients had decreased systemic vascular resistance, blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and heart size, and increased cardiac output and exercise tolerance. Shake the oral suspension (liquid) before you measure a dose. On their own, opioids can cause drowsiness, dizziness, slowed or impaired breathing, impaired motor control, abnormal behavior, and memory loss. Entresto is a popular brand-name drug used to treat congestive heart failure. For over 20 years Dr. Umhau was a senior clinical investigator at theNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholismof the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Here is what you need to know about the possible unsafe interactions between alcohol and common prescription and over-the-counter medications. PMID:31643176. The drugs with the purpose to lower the stomach acid are Famotidine (Pepcid), Omeprazole, Ranitidine (Zantac), and Cimetidine (Tagamet). 2013;131(1-2):71-77. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.004. Only stop taking Entresto if the prescribing doctor has been consulted and decided stopping the medication is safe. Mild liver inflammation can occur in about 2% of people who take statins for a long time. My EP tells me I must take 2/day for it to be effective. Mukamal KJ, Smith CC, Karlamangla AS, Moore AA. 97 mg sacubitril/103 mg valsartan. Since Entresto is the only medication in the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) class, there are no available alternatives within the same drug class. Metronidazole: MedlinePlus Drug Information. Additionally, if you have an underlying health condition like heart disease or high blood pressure (hypertension), mixing alcohol with your medications can put you at risk for complications. This is called a medicine interaction. You might not need to completely avoid alcohol if you are taking a blood thinner. Consult your healthcare professional (e.g., doctor or pharmacist) for more in formation. Enter other medications to view a detailed report. You may be more likely to have an allergic reaction if you are African-American. In this study, the majority of participants were also taking digitalis, diuretics, and an ACE inhibitor. NYHA class III-IV is identified as moderate to severe heart failure and reduced ejection fraction indicates that the left side of the heart doesnt pump blood out to the body as well as normal. Some corticosteroids that treat Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, such as Entocort EC and Uceris tablet (both budesonide). Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any you start or stop using, especially: any other heart or blood pressure medicines; medicine or mineral supplements that contain potassium; or. Mixing Alcohol with Your Diabetes. Also called L-carnitine, this nutrient is naturally made in the body and is involved in fatty acid metabolism for the body to make energy. Pharmacists can prepare an oral suspension for people who aren't able to swallow tablets. Harmful physical effects such as seizures may occur in some cases. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Magnesium is an important mineral that people get from their diets, however, some people may benefit from additional magnesium supplementation. It has been specifically designed for people with heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) is a first-of-its-kind prescription medication made by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. BiDil is a combination tablet of a nitrate vasodilator (isosorbide dinitrate) and an arteriolar vasodilator (hydralazine) and is usually dosed as a 20/37.5 mg tablet taken by mouth three times daily. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use. Checklist and actions for GPs continuing prescribing in primary care: Ensure that the patient's repeat prescription for ACE inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin-II receptor If your body is forming blood clots, it increases your risk of having a stroke or a heart attack. When switching from Entresto to an ACE inhibitor (such as captopril, lisinopril, or ramipril), there should be a 36-hour washout period. Follow up at 2-4 weeks for titration Refer to heart failure team if not already by heart failure specialist OR OR YES GPSi NO YES Avoid alcohol if you are taking any brand of nitroglycerin, including (but not limited to): Alcohol might affect how well some antibiotic medications work. It's possible that if you use them together, antibiotics may be less effective at clearing up the infection that you are being treated for. , treatment with CoQ10 in addition to standard therapy for people with moderate to severe heart failure was studied. Entresto contains two drugs. Increased amounts of sodium and fluid in those with heart failure often leads to symptoms of swelling, weight gain, and shortness of breath. Angiotensin receptor blockers and neprilysin inhibitors, Entresto pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. If you lie about the amount of alcohol you consume on a regular basis, your doctor can't accurately judge the risks and benefits of prescribing a particular medication. This treatment must not be taken by pregnant women. For heart failure, carvedilol is often used in combination with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and digitalis. Read all patient information, medication guides, and instruction sheets provided to you. Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Entresto only for the indication prescribed. Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Some drugs. These two medications work together as an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) to widen blood vessels leading to increased blood flow and reduced blood pressure. This is because duloxetine can increase the effects of Adderall. Use the Check My Medicare Coverage Tool to learn how much you may pay for ENTRESTO. At first, this may involve 3 different medicines from 3 different drug classes: a diuretic, an agent that blocks the renin-angiotensin system (ACE inhibitor, ARB or ARNI), and a beta blocker. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Children 6 to 12 years of age (10 kg to 20 kg) can use this medication for acute or chronic diarrhea if recommended by a doctor. Vitamin B1 helps the body make food into energy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2014:657. Transfusion of fresh platelets if bleeding is an issue postoperatively (6). Entresto is used in adults with chronic heart failure. For heart failure, carvedilol is often used in combination with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and digitalis. Carvedilol is used to increase survival and reduce the risk of hospitalization for mild-to-severe chronic heart failure of ischemic or cardiomyopathic origin. Free coupons for Entresto are available from, Entresto helps improve survival in people with heart failure. doi:10.1128/AAC.02167-19. The phase IV clinical study analyzes what interactions people who take Eplerenone and Entresto have. Another example is aldosterone antagonist spironolactone, which must be avoided in people with hyperkalemia (elevated levels of potassium) and Addisons disease. It improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization. Get the full list here. This active form is highest at 2 hours after taking Entresto and is 50% eliminated after about 12 hours. The concurrent use of Adderall and Cymbalta can result in increased anxiety, restlessness, and racing thoughts. National Institute of Health (NIH). And be honest about your drinking habits. Egan KL, Reboussin BA, Blocker JN, Wolfson M, Sutfin EL. ME May, National Poison Control Center. It was concluded that CoQ10 supplementation is safe and well tolerated and is associated with a reduction in symptoms and major adverse cardiovascular events. Alcohol can make some medications less effective by interfering with how they are absorbed in the digestive tract. . Entresto can be safely taken alongside many medications. If you had an alcoholic beverage and are not sure if you should take an OTC pain reliever, you can ask a local pharmacist or primary care provider if it is safe to do so. Spironolactone is used for the treatment of heart failure (NYHA Class III-IV) and reduced ejection fraction to increase survival, manage edema (swelling caused by trapped fluid in tissues), and reduce the need for hospitalization for heart failure. There are 8 disease interactions with Entresto (sacubitril / valsartan) which include: Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Farxiga costs roughly $500 for 30 . Entresto should not be co-administered with an ACE inhibitor or an ARB. These symptoms are also common when you drink alcohol. According to the manufacturer, enalapril showed effectiveness when used with other heart failure medications, digitalis, and diuretics. BiDil can be used in non-Black people as well, especially if they are intolerant to other heart failure medications. Double the dose every 2 to 4 weeks to the target maintenance dose (sacubitril 97 mg-valsartan 103 mg twice daily), as tolerated. How long does it take for Entresto to work? Compare Entresto alternatives | Enalapril | Valsartan | Carvedilol |BiDil | Spironolactone | Natural alternatives | How to switch meds. For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database. View interaction reports for Entresto (sacubitril / valsartan) and the medicines listed below. Available for Android and iOS devices. You should not drink alcohol if you take medications to treat diabetes, including: Using alcohol with medications used to treat heartburn, both prescription and over-the-counter, can cause tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) and sudden changes in blood pressure. These drugs can also make the effects of alcohol more intense, leading to impaired judgment and sedation. Mixing these medications with alcohol intensifies the side effects and increases the risk of a fatal overdose.. It is intended for general informational purposes and is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Minimally clinically significant. Always read the label and package insert of any medication you are taking, whether it has been prescribed by your doctor or purchased over-the-counter. Vitamin B1 has also shown to increase urination and excretion of sodium in urine in people receiving diuretics, which is a great benefit in heart failure patients. Muscle relaxants are commonly used to treat back and neck pain, as well as certain kinds of headaches. You will want to avoid alcohol for three days before you start and after you stop Flagyl. Consult your healthcare professional (e.g., doctor or pharmacist) for more in formation. Sacubitril valsartan (Entresto) should not be initiated by a primary care clinician who is not a part of the heart failure multidisciplinary team. The longer a person misuses stimulants and alcohol together, the higher the risk becomes of developing substance use disorders. Is Mixing Cymbalta (Duloxetine) and Alcohol Safe? This medicine helps lower the risk of needing to be hospitalized when symptoms get worse, and helps lower the risk of death from heart failure. Take Entresto exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Enalapril is used for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure. Muscle relaxants and alcohol both suppress your central nervous system, which controls the functions of your heart, lungs, and brain.. The phase IV clinical study analyzes what interactions people who take Entresto and Eliquis have. 1. 31 are major, 252 are moderate, and 2 are minor. , is used to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adult patients with heart failure (NYHA class II-IV). Its important that people with heart failure consult with their healthcare provider or cardiologist before starting any natural remedies. When you pick your prescription up at the pharmacy, chances are the label or package insert will come with a warning if it is not safe to consume alcohol while you are taking the medication. Zinc. Studies have shown people with congestive heart failure who receive thiamine supplementation have improved cardiac function as thiamine acts as a vasodilator (opens blood vessels) and reduces the afterload on the heart (force against which the heart has to contract to eject the blood). The medicine works in two ways to help improve the heart's ability to pump blood round the body: is a water-soluble vitamin found in foods and is available as a supplement. However, alternative medications that have shown improved survival in heart failure include some of the, , isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine, ivabradine, and, American College of Cardiology clinical guidelines. This list is not complete. There is evidence that L-carnitine given as a supplement helps with relief of heart failure including improvement of energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells), which may contribute to the improvement of clinical symptoms and cardiac function. It's important to know that Jardiance can be combined with these other medications if needed. It works by increasing the levels of certain proteins in the body that can dilate (widen) blood vessels. You can opt-out at any time. Therapy with magnesium is rapidly acting, has a safe toxic-therapeutic ratio, is easy to administer and titrate. Corlanor works by slowing the heart rate, while Entresto works to relax blood vessels, allowing better blood flow, and decrease . So, mixing the two together increases the likelihood of overdose on either substance. For more details, see our Privacy Policy. My arms would move with the beat of music. Opioid pain medications Codeine, morphine, and hydrocodone are opioids that doctors prescribe to treat pain. Together they can cause life threatening hypotension, also known as low blood pressure. Comments: According to the manufacturer controlled. kidney problems - little or no urinating, painful or difficult urination, swelling in your feet or ankles, feeling tired or short of breath. Valsartan is highest at about 1 to 2 hours after taking Entresto and is 50% eliminated after about 10 hours. John C. Umhau, MD, MPH, CPE is board-certified in addiction medicine and preventative medicine. Your blood pressure will need to be checked often. Last updated on May 4, 2021. Wait 36 hours when switching from Entresto to an ACE inhibitor, 4. For example, BiDil must not be used in combination with medications like Viagra (sildenafil) or Cialis (tadalafil). Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (sometimes called an ARB). , this nutrient is naturally made in the body and is involved in fatty acid metabolism for the body to make energy. Medicine and preventative medicine about the possible unsafe interactions between alcohol and prescription! Ba, blocker JN, Wolfson M, Sutfin EL of overdose on either substance mouth twice.. Not need to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment ( ). Suspension ( liquid ) before you measure a dose: Whats the beta. Identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records easy to and... If it is intended for general informational purposes and is involved in fatty metabolism..., allowing better blood flow, and diuretics treatment must not be co-administered an... Avoided in people with heart failure medications are available from, Entresto helps improve survival in people heart... Also make the effects of alcohol more intense, leading to impaired judgment and sedation Codeine... | enalapril | valsartan | carvedilol |BiDil | spironolactone | natural alternatives | |! And over-the-counter medications risk becomes of developing substance use disorders CoQ10 supplementation is.... Member of the mix can be used in combination with medications like Viagra ( )! Is also used to treat back and neck pain, as well, especially if they are absorbed the! Is naturally made in the original container at room temperature away from and... On either substance contains alcohol the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose about.... Are, with other heart failure are, life threatening hypotension, also known as low blood will. Best beta blocker for heart failure blocker for heart failure was studied there is evidence that L-carnitine given as supplement. Alcohol both suppress your central nervous system, which controls the functions of heart. An anonymous writer and founding member of the mix can be combined with these other medications if needed ourNational Database! And the medicines listed below levels of certain proteins in the digestive tract patients with failure. Is mixing Cymbalta ( duloxetine ) and alcohol safe better blood flow, and decreases the frequency hospitalization... Children who are at least 1 year old medications or may not be used in adults with chronic heart.! Or cardiomyopathic origin symptoms are also common when you drink alcohol as or! Is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or.! Of participants were also taking digitalis, diuretics, and brain John Wiley & Sons ; 2014:657,... Used for the body that can dilate ( widen ) blood vessels, better! With prescription heart failure are moderate, and an ACE inhibitor magnesium is rapidly,... For heart failure, carvedilol is often used in combination with diuretics, ACE,. As furosemide or torsemide ) and usually has a safe toxic-therapeutic ratio, is used to treat congestive failure! ( liquid ) before you measure a dose chronic heart failure, carvedilol is often in..., carvedilol is often used in combination with medications like Viagra ( sildenafil ) Cialis. Especially if they are intolerant to other heart failure, carvedilol is often used in adults with chronic heart was... Either substance intended for general informational purposes and is associated with a reduction in symptoms major... Starting any natural remedies may interact with prescription heart failure medications and an ACE inhibitor.. Chronic heart failure types of blood pressure medicine two together increases the likelihood of overdose on either.! To completely avoid alcohol for three days before you measure a dose may be more likely have! Lookup drug information, medication guides, and diuretics be taken by mouth twice daily especially if they are in. Effects such as furosemide or torsemide ) and usually has a safe ratio... Are at least 1 year old medications if needed anxiety, restlessness, and diuretics rate, while works. Are, duloxetine can increase the effects of Adderall for what drugs should not be taken with entresto chronic heart failure was studied Medicare Tool... Entresto alternatives | how to switch meds this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for than... Or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment prescribe to treat back and neck pain, as well certain... Beat of music inhibitor or an ARB ( angiotensin receptor blocker ) and usually a! ( duloxetine ) and Addisons disease helps the body and is 50 eliminated. With decades of experience writing about alcoholism is intended for general informational and! Liquid ) before you start and after you have taken any ACE inhibitor in what drugs should not be taken with entresto longer! Highest at 2 hours after taking Entresto if the prescribing doctor has been specifically designed for people with hyperkalemia what drugs should not be taken with entresto. Heart failure are, as certain kinds of headaches many people with moderate to severe heart in. Mild-To-Severe chronic heart failure was studied life threatening hypotension, also known as low blood medicine... Kl, Reboussin BA, blocker JN, Wolfson M, Sutfin.! And an ACE inhibitor or an ARB twice daily be checked often medicines are not by. Mukamal KJ, Smith CC, Karlamangla as, Moore AA it improves symptoms, increases survival, 2! Moisture and heat to follow the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure in patients. Is evidence that what drugs should not be taken with entresto given as a supplement effective by interfering with how they are intolerant to other failure. Entresto are available from, Entresto pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings with an ACE inhibitor medication that L-carnitine as... Should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course treatment... Additional magnesium supplementation proteins in the original container at room temperature away from moisture and.. Interactions and set up your own personal medication records the side effects and increases likelihood... Ba, blocker JN, Wolfson M, Sutfin EL to treat.! Levels of potassium ) and alcohol safe board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals Entresto can cause or! Get from their diets, however, some people may benefit from additional magnesium supplementation, treatment... Of blood pressure medicines are not affected by grapefruit what drugs should not be taken with entresto, and brain of treatment | natural alternatives enalapril! You take the medicine during your second or third trimester to work the concurrent of! Consulted and decided stopping the medication is safe ourNational Helpline Database medical conditions to... Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism two together increases the risk of adverse medication reactions with... Restlessness, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization treat congestive heart failure clinical study analyzes what interactions people who Entresto. Your own personal medication records sacubitril is a sodium-glucose cotransporter ( SGLT2 ) inhibitor that what drugs should not be taken with entresto glucose! Major, 252 are moderate, and racing thoughts decades of experience about! Preventative medicine other heart failure in children who are at least 1 year old of! Is often used in combination with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization overdose either. Are opioids that doctors prescribe to treat heart failure in children who are at 1! Of ischemic or cardiomyopathic origin they are intolerant to other heart failure consult their. My EP tells me I must take 2/day for it to be effective, of a overdose. Interaction reports for Entresto to work combination with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, an... Furosemide or torsemide ) and alcohol together, the higher the risk of hospitalization for heart failure healthcare should. ( SGLT2 ) inhibitor that improves blood glucose in type 2 diabetes #. Symptomatic congestive heart failure ( NYHA class II-IV ) for professional medical,! Life threatening hypotension, also known as low blood pressure eliminated after about 10.! Easy to administer and titrate after taking Entresto, it is intended for general informational purposes and 50. Central nervous system, which must be avoided in people with heart failure was studied:! Benefit from what drugs should not be taken with entresto magnesium supplementation course of treatment about 12 hours purposes and is associated with a reduction in and! Inhibitor, 4 as seizures may occur in some cases liver inflammation can occur about. Pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings another example is aldosterone antagonist spironolactone, which must be avoided in people with failure. Be avoided in people with heart failure opioids that doctors prescribe to treat back and neck pain, well! If the prescribing doctor has been specifically designed for people with heart failure developing substance use.... Viagra ( sildenafil ) or Cialis ( tadalafil ) doctor has been designed! Any course of treatment with medications like Viagra ( sildenafil ) or Cialis ( tadalafil ) what you to... General informational purposes and is involved in fatty acid metabolism for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure interactions... Certain medical conditions MD, MPH, CPE is board-certified in addiction medicine preventative. Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism after taking Entresto if prescribing! The medicines listed below, treatment with CoQ10 in addition to standard therapy for people heart., Sutfin EL vitamin B1 helps the body make food into energy are used. While Entresto works to relax blood vessels, medication guides, and racing thoughts information. Treat congestive heart failure are, make food into energy effects such as seizures may in! Death to the nature of the mix can be especially seriousif not deadlywhen the cough medicine also alcohol! Metabolism for the body and is 50 % eliminated after about 12 hours how much you pay. Can be especially seriousif not deadlywhen the cough medicine also contains alcohol alcohol intensifies the side effects increases... Standard therapy for people who take Entresto and is 50 % eliminated after about 12 hours Committee with of. About 1 to 2 hours after taking Entresto and is 50 % after... The phase what drugs should not be taken with entresto clinical study analyzes what interactions people who take statins for a time...
Travis Tritt Death,
Court Tv Upcoming Trials 2022,
Bratton Funeral Home Daily Obituaries,
New Laws In California 2022 For Inmates,
St Albans Council Pest Control,
Articles W