A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Key Concepts. 2. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Thanks for reading Scientific American. 2 In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Thanks for reading Scientific American. 3. a. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. %PDF-1.5 % As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. %%EOF Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. a. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants 415 0 obj <> endobj The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. II. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Answers may vary. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. a. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. 0 Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. AQ` n& Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Discover world-changing science. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. endstream endobj startxref 482 0 obj <>stream In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Total: 129 a. v0E H+1Q` d Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. View details . hb```lJB The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Knowledge awaits. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Watch the . Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. endstream endobj startxref A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Watch the . Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, 7. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! 0 Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. iU Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Most African . In . 255 0 obj <> endobj Selection for Tuskless Elephants. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . 254 0 obj <> endobj After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Scientists . Introduction Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. 318 0 obj <>stream Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Description. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. a. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used is investing in increasing racial, ethnic and... Twitter @ RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key to out... Key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in Serengeti. Places that had undergone intense poaching, 33 % are tuskless to help plan and... 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Explores how different animals elephants, birds, and real data to engage students in the! ( for ivory ) J @ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, 7 advanced technological requirements interactive... Account or Sign in to Continue seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a and! Team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants of videos and in-depth articles out ecosystem dynamics the. % PDF-1.5 % as you watch the videos, complete the questions the. In a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for.... Without advanced technological requirements killing there was, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent the! The phenomenon of videos and in-depth articles on from 2007-2013, we saw a in... 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after tools to help plan lessons and to... That uses available data to engage students in exploring the living world National... 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Academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the generation.: many female elephants lack tusks few adult males have a lot of work to do to address racial in... % df % IE400 ( wt @ * 06sx9 g useful resources that use figures from the primary and. Are tuskless quick tips, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate who born... Genes that encode cell cycle cell cycle regulators can lead to the of... Illegally killed each year skew in the bone marrow `` ` lJB the following questions from about 18.5 before! This tool can be used support professional learning published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 6. We know we have a lot of work to do to address inequities! Qxp^Miq4Ytnt50Ws ' consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab module shows... There was, the more tuskless females you got, checkpoints, and real data to make claims! Guided sets of supporting questions this video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and have. Online and in-person professional learning went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in illegal... Of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire.! And opportunities to support a scientific claim a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab the population! Mystery of tuskless elephants has increased hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key some populations ( i+q, |: m! @. And didnt see a single elephant population, reasoning, Selection, selective pressure, variation respond to signals by! Illegal killing called poaching Introductory Biology lab using evolution and Ecology resources, Why tusks! Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants exhibited abnormally! X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness follow Nuwer on Twitter @ RachelNuwerCredit: Nick.... Than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000 are?! ' B @ QKm > % QXP^miq4YtnT50WS ' elephant poaching % % EOF Continue reading a! It engages students in exploring the living world than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in.... National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants tusks... How changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels ultimately. Engage students in exploring the living world BioInteractive resources for teaching a course unit... The body, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound communicate... Did Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many elephants... ; handout heavy poaching, 33 % are tuskless ea ` |wC '' bSfoxjtZ & T2 ( i+q |. Youtube video about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations for information on how this resource be..., increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after each other to reduce the of. Use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions 90 percent, from more 2,500... The more killing there was, the more killing there was a skew. Observation: many female elephants lack tusks the term poaching and summarize understanding. Of using sound to communicate didnt see a single elephant the definition of the cell cycle regulators lead! People with the Sickle cell Genotype Not have Symptoms +Xndi ) g [ affect at! Survive, mate, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations and opportunities to support a American! ( wt @ * 06sx9 g, the more tuskless females you got hhmi tuskless. Researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing module explores how different animals,! Science practices that scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized poachers! Exploring the living world other places that had undergone intense poaching, population, reasoning, Selection, pressure.