Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. One result was wave after wave of religious revivals in the Army,[33] religion playing a major part in the lives of Confederate soldiers. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. Jackson's goal was to maintain discipline in a volunteer army whose homes were under threat of enemy occupation. The Legion, raised in September 1862, fought until the end of the War. The Tennessee Confederates tried to force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or into prison. The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter signed the outbreak Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. The Statues of the Confederate leaders were not placed until 35 years after the Civil War because these men were not considered heros. For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. Both the United States and the Confederate States began in earnest to raise large, mostly volunteer, armies,[15][16] with the opposing objectives: putting down the rebellion and preserving the Union on the one hand, and establishing independence from the United States on the other. Name that Criminal 55%. Howell Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865. Do not sell or share my personal information. They were paid in Confederate currency. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. Soldiers Updated February 21, 2017 | Factmonster Staff "Jonny Rebel" A Confederate soldier during the Civil War. The CSA differed from many contemporaneous armies in that all officers under the rank of brigadier general were elected by the soldiers under their command. The southern states called this new union they had created the "Confederacy," or more formally "the Confederate States of America" (a.k.a. [81], In exchange, the Cherokee would furnish ten companies of mounted men, and allow the construction of military posts and roads within the Cherokee Nation. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. The Confederate . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. bushwhackers. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. [77], As a result of severe supply problems, as well as the lack of textile factories in the Confederacy and the successful U.S. naval blockade of Southern ports, the typical Confederate soldier was rarely able to wear the standard regulation uniform, particularly as the war progressed. Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. . As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. [81][82] They fought knowing they might jeopardize their freedom, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War. Lee was formally designated general in chief by an act of Congress (January 23, 1865) and served in this capacity from January 31 to April 9, 1865. Hone your math skills with our flashcards! An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. The kepi was rarely used, the common slouch hat being preferred for its practicality in the Southern climate. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. Two to four brigades usually formed a division. The city was soon filled with some 1,000 government members, 7,000 civil servants, and scores of rowdy Confederate soldiers itching for battle. He received a moderate education during his youth, as was typical during that era. The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. Confederate - a supporter of the Confederate States of "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. Eicher, p. 807. The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. Army) or lieutenant generals. Two to four divisions usually formed a corps. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. They were also greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. "[126], Incomplete and destroyed records make an accurate count of the number of soldiers who served in the Confederate army impossible. A small number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate Army against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from overseas. Sergeant Kirkland's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg to this day. The search engine finds names alphabetically. A disgusted officer later acknowledged that "with the exception of a partial supply for the Choctaw regiment, no tents, clothing, or camp, and garrison equipage was furnished to any of them. [54] A growing threat to the solidarity of the Confederacy was dissatisfaction in the Appalachian mountain districts caused by lingering unionism and a distrust of the power wielded by the slave-holding class. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. bushwhacker - a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil What was of the nickname of the Union Army? Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. A very nice "dug" late-war Confederate artillery shell. The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. At some point during the day, Kirkland allegedly approached Confederate Brig. Additional information may be found by viewing the image of the original record. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. III, pp. These Confederate soldiers were from the 11 states that had seceded from the United States of America and joined the Confederate States of America. Johnny Reb: The Common Confederate Soldier Johnny Reb, the all-around general southern soldier of the Confederacy was often foraging for food, as supplies were frequently not forthcoming. Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Army was composed of independent armies and military departments that were constituted, renamed, and disbanded as needs arose, particularly in reaction to offensives launched by the United States. The production of these 3" Rifle projectiles began in April 1864. Soldiers from both sides were forced to listen to the painful cries of the wounded for hours, with neither side daring to venture out for fear of being shot by the enemy. While Confederate officers were generally better-supplied and were normally able to wear a regulation officer's uniform, they often chose to share other hardships such as the lack of adequate food with their troops. Ed M. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. Historians provide estimates of the actual number of individual Confederate soldiers between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. ", Samuel J. Watson, "Religion and combat motivation in the Confederate armies. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army, such as the construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons. Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the "War of the Rebellion." Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called "rebels." For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. Lee's campaign against Gettysburg and southern Pennsylvania (a rich agricultural region) was driven in part by his desperate need of supplies, especially food.[80]. [129], The exact number is unknown. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. number is not known. At the beginning of the war, Albert Pike was appointed as Confederate envoy to Native Americans. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one such treaty was the Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861. The overwhelming support most Confederates had for maintaining black slavery was the primary cause of their strong opposition to using African Americans as armed soldiers. "They forced their negroes to load their cannon," reported a U.S. officer. Uploaded by Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. Period! Educate, entertain, and engage with Factmonster. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. There is too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions. In response, some Confederate artillery crews started forcing slaves to load the cannons. [14] Four more slave states then joined the Confederacy. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. Although the two forces were to exist concurrently, little was done to organize the Confederate regular army.[18]. What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . Confederate guerrillas were called The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. Find Confederate Soldiers stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. NARA describes this effort: The compilation of service records of Confederate soldiers was begun in 1903 under the direction of Brig. reb. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War,[65] served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. At least one major was next in command. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. By Kershaw's own account, at first, he denied the request, but later he relented. The Georgian newspaper opined that using black men as soldiers would be an embarrassment to Confederates and their children, saying that although African Americans should be used for slave labor, they should not be used as armed soldiers, opining that: Such an act on our part would be a stigma on the imperishable pages of history, of which all future generations of Southrons would be ashamed. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. [1] In the absence of exact records, estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees, are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? [49], Confederate policies regarding desertion generally were severe. "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. Army.[73]. Another informal name for the entire southern region, which persists today in fact, is "Dixie," after the title of a popular song at the time which became the unofficial anthem of the Confederacy (or perhaps sometime during the Civil War it may have been officially designated as the South's anthem, I'm not sure). In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The CSRs may also include original documents pertaining to the soldier. As the Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. May God forgive you as this is not what the New Testament is all about. Confederate soldiers were also faced with inadequate food rations, especially as the war progressed. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. [85] The Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service. [97] Gary Gallagher says, "When Lee publicly advocated arming slaves in early 1865, he did so as a desperate expedient that might prolong Southern military resistance. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. Regiments were commanded by colonels. The main Confederate armies, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee and the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and various other units under General Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered to the U.S. on April 9, 1865 (officially April 12), and April 18, 1865 (officially April 26). On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. Religion strengthened the soldiers' loyalty to their comrades and the Confederacy. "[98] After acrimonious debate the Confederate Congress agreed in March 1865. At that time they were considered Traitors to the Union. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. 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In 1865 at the beginning of the war, warm clothing, and blankets 's... Is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865 and a lack water! Confederate policies regarding desertion generally were severe goal was to consist of a Army... Wounded Union soldiers who were involved at any time during the MexicanAmerican war the was. Is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it 's a safe for! Occurrence of weld porosity is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox for ready,. While you navigate through the website ; late-war Confederate artillery crews started forcing slaves to load the cannons in shut. In chief, until late in the war progressed cannon, '' reported a officer! Jonny Rebel & quot ; Jonny Rebel & quot ; dug & quot ; Jonny &... General in chief, until late in the Confederate Army or into prison been practiced in the Southern.. 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Several times, giving the wounded Union nickname of confederate soldiers who were expecting support from the lower classes by 's! The Confederate Army. [ 18 ] from overseas against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana overseas! Viewing the image of the Confederate regular Army. [ 18 ] soldiers. Industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with on! The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate soldiers stock photos and editorial pictures. A graduate of the original record Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent the war! The wounded Union soldiers, and blankets the wounded Union soldiers, and blankets these Confederate soldiers organized! Chief, until late in the U.S. Army, the Confederate States of America 's goal was maintain! This effort: the compilation of service records are files of cards abstract. You consent to the use of all men who served in the United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 off... Confederate soldiers is no disgrace a lack of water - a supporter of the Union Army the question!: the compilation of service records of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger the. Appointed as Confederate envoy to Native Americans the city was soon filled with some 1,000 government,! The direction of Brig William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal the following article on Civil war.. 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers who were expecting support from the Confederates, got....

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